Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences
Volume:1 Issue: 4, 2013

Problem- based education is one of the active teaching and learning methods. MPBL is a modified version PBL with teacher’s guide suggested to be used (instead of using seven steps method) in existing educational program. In spite of the evidence to the efficiency of active learning methods such as problem based learning، still challenges are there about the replacement of those methods with traditional learning methods. This study thus conducted in Razi Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery to describe M. sc nursing students ‘experiences of using modified problem-based learning methods during their educational period. 15 MSc nursing students from who had the experience of using problem based learning participated in this study. For collection of data، semi-structured، Individual and group discussion interview conducted. The interviews were tape recorded and transcribed verbatim. Using content analysis interviews were analyzed. Problem- based learning experienced by the students as: 1)an active، 2)motivational، 3)self direct and 4)critical method. Lack of resources، preparedness and skills، time consuming، guide insufficiency، and team inconsistency were experienced by students as barriers to efficiently use of the method. Adequate skills and consistency in team work could hasten group dynamic، facilitate and deepen their learning and provide an opportunity for students to develop their interpersonal interactions. Providing educational package، accessible recourses، and well guidance for students as well as making them prepare to effectively use the time seems necessary. Student nurses needs to be supported by the educational system and skilled educators in order to be able to use active learning methods (such as MPBL) during their educational practice.

The modern use of the word paradigm began with the theoretical ideas of Thomas Kuhn and then the scientific revolution occurred. Paradigm is a set of concepts accepted by scientists in their study area and provides a framework in which scientists can solve scientific problems. Paradigm is what separates science from nonscience. This review was undertaken by library studies using databases such as CINHAL، Proquest، Science direct، Magiran and SID. Nursing paradigm، like the foundation of a building، determines the goals and boundaries of nursing. In nursing، paradigm is based on shared values، and assumptions related to key concepts such as the individual، health، environment، and nursing. The boundaries of key concepts are reflected in teaching or nursing culture، work experiences، and values which affect our observations of events and situations. These are the foundation for creating the key concepts of nursing. Some believe that nursing may not have a normal science period; therefore، they believe it is in its paradigm period. Others believe that if we accept that nursing is in the preparadigm stage then it cannot be considered a science; therefore، because it has a philosophy and is a science it is in the paradigm stage.

Transplanted patients’ communication with the families of brain-dead donors is a new experience، which provokes different reactions in both sides due to its different dimensions. The aim of this study was to clarify emotional and psychological experiences of transplanted patients in communicating with brain-dead donors’ families. This study was a qualitative research conducted using the phenomenology approach. The experiences of transplanted patients were studied using unstructured and in-depth interviews. Data saturation was reached by interviewing 8 transplanted patients who communicated with the brain-dead patients’ families. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis based on Colaizzi’s method. The findings of this survey can be classified into two general concepts of anxiety، and psychological and mental disturbances after receiving the organ. These two concepts consist of smaller concepts. Anxiety consists of concepts such as complicated therapy، regret due to relationship problems، stress and worry، and stress after the incident. Mental and psychological disturbances after receiving the organ consist of the recipient’s mental challenges with her/himself، and increase in blood pressure due to stress. Transplantation is an important event occurring in the life of these patients. The anxiety of the possible failure of transplantation is a problem that these patients are exposed to after transplantation. Communication and familiarity with the donor’s family also increase this anxiety. If the brain-dead donor’s family wishes to communicate with the organ recipient، it is better to start this relationship under special conditions and the supervision of a psychologist.

There are few studies on the spiritual experiences of myocardial infarction patients in the light of cultural context. Therefore، the aim of this study was to explain the spiritual experiences of patients during heart attack. This was a qualitative study. Nine (4 women، 5 men) myocardial infarction patients were interviewed (in-depth interview) in the CCUs of three hospitals in Shiraz. In addition، seven nurses participated in a focus group. Data gathering and analysis were performed simultaneously and continued until data saturation. All the interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis method was used for data analysis. The participants’ spiritual experiences were categorized into four themes and 11 subthemes. The main themes were trust in God، struggling with the heart، family (soothing and stress-inducing)، and help-seeking. According to the results heart attack can bring spirituality in greater focus. Therefore، in order to deliver holistic care، health care providers must be concerned with their patients’ spiritual experiences and needs، especially in life-threatening events

Although it is generally acknowledged that symbolic interactionism and grounded theory are connected، the precise nature of their connection remains implicit and unexplained in reviewed articles. Awareness of the nature of their connection can help qualitative researchers as guidance for data collection and analysis. This study was accomplished with the aim of exploration of the connection between grounded theory and symbolic interactionism.

The search of related articles and resources was done in databases such as Scopus، Elsevier، Google Scholar، and ProQuest and with keywords including grounded theory، symbolic interactionism، and methodology. Then the selected articles were reviewed.

In this study، researchers، by reviewing of related articles، have propounded the connection between methodological principles and processes of Blumer in the symbolic interactionism with grounded theory. Then، they have argued about the explanatory power of symbolic interactionism as a philosophical basis in a grounded theory study in the explanation of student-teacher relationship in clinical nursing education.

When the grounded theory study is undertaken without a symbolic interactionism framework as an explanatory framework، the researcher describes rather than explains the data.

In qualitative research the sampling process is usually determined by the methodology employed. However، this is not always evident in published qualitative research papers as many qualitative studies appear not to have a clearly defined methodological approach. Indeed، pragmatic researches focus on the need to adopt a flexible rather than rigid approach to application of qualitative methodologies. Therefore، this study was performed to review previous research to clarify qualitative sampling. Valid articles and books were used in this review study. The keywords qualitative research and sampling were searched in Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)، ProQuest، PsycINFO، ScienceDirect، Scopus، and Medline databases. Although sampling methods in qualitative research are known as purposive sampling، there is an extensive spectrum of sampling methods such as quota، snowball، theoretical، critical cases، homogeneity، sequential، criterion، and combination sampling. The purpose of sampling in qualitative research is not to establish a random or representative sample draw from a population، but rather to identify specific groups of people، who either possess characteristics or live experiences relevant to the social phenomenon being studied. Informants are identified because they will enable the exploration of a particular aspect of behavior relevant to the research. The benefits of the qualitative approach to health care research are becoming increasingly recognized by both academics and clinicians. However، misunderstandings about the philosophical basis and the methodological approach remain. The process of sampling is one of the principal areas of confusion. Sampling is a very complex issue in qualitative research. This is due to the many variations of qualitative sampling described in the literature، and much confusion and overlapping of types of sampling.

Nowadays staff development is more a culture than a process. In this culture، organizations’ staff are considered the most crucial resource. They evaluate the existing problems actively and creatively while at the same time they try to solve them in teams. Performing the process of staff development in different organizations especially health organizations has its own fragile points depending upon many different conditions. This process has been done in the central supporting department of the Kerman University of Medical Sciences and its results have been analyzed. Staff development process has been done based on David Coghlan’s Model and it is of action-research type. The findings of this research justify the positive impacts of the intervention on staff development. These interventions include: raising the participation proportion، performing team work، communication freedom، access to information، and clear goals، feedback، and organization learning. The results of this research show the positive impacts of the intervention on development of those in charge of the qualitative cycle. In addition to these there are some barriers in the development process، the omission of which can lead to the improvement of this process.

Islam has always stressed the importance of health and wellness. For centuries، Muslims have recognized the value of a good، clean، and healthy life. The purpose of this study is to explain the health-oriented lifestyle in the Islamic culture based on opinions، experiences، and perceptions of clergies، teachers، and students. A qualitative research method was conducted in this study by grounded theory approach. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with participants. Moreover، the existing resources، such as case studies، life stories، letters، diaries، and press interviews have been used. This study''s central variable was deviation from moderation of thought، belief and behavior. Seven main categories were gained by analysis of data. They were: «policy in the health system»، «Islamic education»، «Islamic movement in people''s family centered lives»، «work، effort، and money»، «ethics and law abiding citizen»، «mobility and leisure»، «relationships، interaction، and participation». Lifestyle modification، in the process of acquiring healthy communities and social capital، based on religious teachings could be the perfect solution for the problems of a healthy life in the present day. In structural approach، the government should pay attention to such issues like authority of the family، and supporting parents، and spouses، facilitate family functions by systematic problem solving، and empower and strengthen institutions such as the education system and media. It is suggested that educational institutions direct their teachings toward empowering children of this society in order for them to better play their roles in family and social life، and encourage them to use Islamic teachings